The 2023 Israel–Hamas war is an ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestinian militant groups led by Hamas. Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict, the war began when militants invaded Israel from the Gaza Strip on 7 October 2023, and continued with an Israeli counteroffensive. Israel formally declared war on Hamas a day later.
Before the Palestinian attack, Israeli–Palestinians clashes at Al-Aqsa mosque, Gaza and Jenin had killed 247 Palestinians and 36 Israelis. The attack began in the early morning with a rocket barrage of at least 3,000 missiles against Israel and vehicle-transported incursions into its territory. Palestinian militants broke through the Gaza–Israel barrier, attacking nearby Israeli communities and military bases. At least 1,300 Israelis were killed, including a massacre at a music festival that killed at least 260 people. Israeli soldiers and civilians, including women and children, were taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip.
After clearing Hamas forces from affected areas, Israel responded with airstrikes in the densely populated Gaza Strip, targeting both civilian and military infrastructure. The United Nations reported that around 339,000 Palestinians, more than a tenth of the population of Gaza, have been internally displaced. Fears of a humanitarian crisis were heightened after Israel cut off food, water, electricity, and fuel supplies to Gaza, which had already been blockaded by both Egypt and Israel. There were widespread deaths of civilians and allegations of war crimes.
Western nations and their allies condemned Hamas for the violence, and described its actions as terrorism, while other nations including Muslim nations cited the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories as the root cause of the escalation. Many nations called for a de-escalation. A conflict was reported between Hezbollah and Palestinian militants in Lebanon and Israeli forces on 8 and 9 October. The United States deployed two aircraft carriers and cruisers to the Eastern Mediterranean, and Germany declared it would begin supplying military aid to Israel.
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